Isikhunta siyimishini eyisisekelo yenqubo yemboni yezimoto.Izingxenye ezingaphezu kuka-90% zokukhiqiza izimoto zidinga ukulolongwa yisikhunta.Kudingeka amasethi angaba ngu-1 500 esikhunta ukwenza imoto evamile, okuthi kuyo kufa amasethi angu-1 000 okugxiviza.Ekuthuthukisweni kwamamodeli amasha, i-90% yomsebenzi wenziwa mayelana nezinguquko kuphrofayela yomzimba.Cishe u-60% wezindleko zokuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli amasha asetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinqubo zomzimba kanye nemishini yokugxiviza.Cishe u-40% wesamba sezindleko zokukhiqiza imoto yizindleko zokugxivizwa komzimba kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwayo.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yesikhunta sezimoto ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta buveza lezi zindlela zokuthuthuka ezilandelayo.
Okokuqala, isimo sokuklama esinezinhlangothi ezintathu sesikhunta sihlanganisiwe
Idizayini enezinhlangothi ezintathu zesikhunta iyingxenye ebalulekile yobuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali, futhi iyisisekelo sokuhlanganiswa kokuklama kwesikhunta, ukukhiqiza nokuhlola.I-Japan Toyota, i-United States kanye nezinye izinkampani ziye zazuza ukwakheka kwesikhunta esinezinhlangothi ezintathu, futhi zithole imiphumela emihle yohlelo lokusebenza.Ezinye zezinqubo ezamukelwa amazwe angaphandle ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta esinezinhlangothi ezintathu kufanele zifundwe.Ngaphezu kokwenza lula ukukhiqiza okuhlanganisiwe, ukwakheka kwesikhunta okunezinhlangothi ezintathu kukulungele ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka, futhi kungenza ukuhlaziywa kokuphazamiseka kokunyakaza ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga ekwakhiweni kwezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Okwesibili, ukulingiswa kwenqubo yokugxiviza (CAE) kugqame kakhulu
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesoftware yekhompiyutha kanye nehadiwe, ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa (CAE) benqubo yokwakhiwa kwabezindaba buye badlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu.E-United States, eJapane, eJalimane nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, ubuchwepheshe be-CAE buye baba yingxenye edingekayo yokuklama isikhunta kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza, esetshenziswa kabanzi ukubikezela ukwakheka kwamaphutha, ukwandisa inqubo yokugxiviza kanye nesakhiwo sesikhunta, ukuthuthukisa ukuthembeka komklamo wesikhunta, futhi unciphise isikhathi sokuhlola.Izinkampani eziningi ezifuywayo zokubumba izimoto zenze intuthuko enkulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-CAE futhi zithole imiphumela emihle.Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-CAE kunganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zesikhunta sesilingo futhi kufinyeze umjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa kwe-stamping die, okuye kwaba yindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yesikhunta.Ubuchwepheshe be-CAE bushintsha kancane kancane idizayini yesikhunta isuka ekwakhiweni kwe-empirical iye ekwakhiweni kwesayensi.
Okwesithathu, ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali sebuyinto evamile
Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali eminyakeni yamuva kuyindlela ephumelelayo yokuxazulula izinkinga eziningi ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwesikhunta sezimoto.Lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sedijithali ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha noma ubuchwepheshe obusizwa ngekhompyutha (CAX) ekwakhiweni kwesikhunta kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza.Fingqa ulwazi oluyimpumelelo lwamabhizinisi esikhunta asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe obusizwa ngamakhompyutha.Ubuchwepheshe besikhunta sezimoto zedijithali ikakhulukazi buhlanganisa izici ezilandelayo: 1 Idizayini yokukhiqiza (i-DFM), ecabangela futhi ihlaziye ukukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuklama ukuze kuqinisekiswe impumelelo yenqubo.2 Ubuchwepheshe obusizayo bomklamo we-mold surface buthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bokuklama iphrofayela ehlakaniphile.I-3CAE isiza ekuhlaziyeni nasekufanisweni kwenqubo yokugxiviza, ukubikezela nokuxazulula izinkinga ezingaba khona nokudala izinkinga.4 Shintshanisa idizayini yendabuko enezinhlangothi ezimbili ngedizayini yesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu.5 Inqubo yokukhiqiza isikhunta isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-CAPP, i-CAM kanye ne-CAT.6 Ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali, xazulula izinkinga enqubweni yesilingo kanye nasekukhiqizeni isitembu.
Okwesine, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwe-automation yokucubungula isikhunta
Ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa okuthuthukile kanye nezinto zokusebenza kuyizisekelo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Kuvamile ukuthi amathuluzi omshini we-CNC, iziguquli zamathuluzi ezizenzakalelayo (ATC), amasistimu okulawula i-optoelectronic machining machining, kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa eziku-inthanethi zezingxenye zokusebenza ezinkampanini ezithuthukisiwe zesikhunta sezimoto.Imishini ye-CNC ishintshile kusukela ekucutshungulweni kwephrofayili elula kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwesikali esigcwele sephrofayili kanye nezindawo zesakhiwo.Ukusuka ekwenzeni imishini yejubane elimaphakathi ukuya kweliphansi kuye kokwenza imishini yejubane eliphezulu, ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzela buthuthuke ngokushesha.
5. Ubuchwepheshe bokugxiviza ipuleti lensimbi olunamandla aphezulu buyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesikhathi esizayo
Izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu zinokusetshenziswa okuhle kakhulu ezimotweni ngenxa yezici zazo ezinhle kakhulu ngokwesilinganiso sesivuno, izici eziqinisa ukuqina, amandla okusabalalisa ubunzima, kanye nokumuncwa kwamandla okushayisana.Njengamanje, izinsimbi ezinamandla aphezulu ezisetshenziswa ezitembuni zezimoto ikakhulukazi zifaka insimbi eqiniswe ngopende (BH steel), i-duplex steel (DP steel), kanye ne-phase change-induced plastic steel (TRIP steel).I-International Ultralight Body Project (ULSAB) ilindele ukuthi u-97% wamamodeli we-advanced concept model (ULSAB-AVC) owethulwe ngo-2010 abe yizinsimbi ezinamandla amakhulu, kanti ingxenye yamashidi ensimbi anamandla aphezulu ezintweni zezimoto izokweqa u-60%, futhi i-duplex Ingxenye yensimbi izobalelwa ku-74% we-steel plate yezimoto.
Uchungechunge lwensimbi ethambile ngokuyinhloko esekelwe kunsimbi ye-IF, manje esetshenziswa kabanzi, luzothathelwa indawo uchungechunge lwamapuleti ensimbi anamandla amakhulu, futhi insimbi ene-alloy eqinile ephezulu izothathelwa indawo insimbi enezigaba ezimbili kanye nensimbi ephezulu-high-strength. .Njengamanje, ukusetshenziswa kwamapuleti ensimbi anamandla aphezulu ezingxenyeni zezimoto ezifuywayo kunqunyelwe ezingxenyeni zesakhiwo kanye nezingxenye zogongolo, futhi amandla aqinile wezinto ezisetshenziswayo angaphezu kuka-500 MPa.Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bokunyathela amapuleti ensimbi aqinile kuyindaba ebalulekile edinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha embonini yokubumba yezimoto yaseChina.
Okwesithupha, imikhiqizo yesikhunta emisha yethulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
Ngokuthuthuka kokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye ne-automation yokukhiqiza isitembu sezimoto, ukufa okuqhubekayo kuzosetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni izingxenye zokugxiviza zezimoto.Izingxenye zokugxiviza ezinomumo oyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ezidinga amapheya amaningi enqubweni evamile, ziya ngokuya kwakheka ukwakheka kwe-fae okuqhubekayo.I-Progressive die iwumkhiqizo wesikhunta wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu onobunzima bobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza kanye nomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza.I-Multi-station progressive die izoba ngomunye wemikhiqizo yesikhunta ebalulekile eyakhiwe e-China.
Okuyisikhombisa, isikhunta kanye nobuchwepheshe bokwelapha obungaphezulu buzophinda busetshenziswe
Ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kwezinto zokubumba kuyisici esibalulekile esithinta ikhwalithi yesikhunta, impilo kanye nezindleko.Eminyakeni yamuva, ngaphezu kwezinhlobonhlobo zokuqina okuphezulu nokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu kokusebenza okubandayo kokufa kwensimbi, ilangabi eliqinile elibandayo lisebenza ngensimbi, i-powder metallurgy ebandayo insimbi yokufa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zensimbi ekunyatheleni okukhulu nokuphakathi kuyafa phesheya. kuyafaneleka.Ukuthambekela kokuthuthukiswa kokukhathazeka.I-Ductile iron inokuqina okuhle nokumelana nokugqoka, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela, ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kokuqina kwendawo nakho kuhle, futhi izindleko ziphansi kune-alloy cast iron.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi ekugxilweni kwezimoto ezifayo.
Eyesishiyagalombili, ukuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nolwazi luyisiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi esikhunta
Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besikhunta sezimoto ukuphathwa kwesayensi nolwazi.Ukuphathwa kwesayensi kwenze izinkampani zesikhunta ukuthi zithuthuke ngokuqhubekayo zibheke ku-Just-in-Time Manufacturing and Lean Production.Ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kunembe kakhudlwana, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kuba ngcono kakhulu, futhi izikhungo ezingasebenzi, izixhumanisi nabasebenzi bahlelwa ngokuqhubekayo..Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokuphatha besimanje, amathuluzi amaningi okuphatha ulwazi oluthuthukile, okuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuphathwa kwezisetshenziswa zebhizinisi (ERP), ukuphathwa kobudlelwane bekhasimende (CRM), ukuphathwa kochungechunge lokunikezela (SCM), ukuphathwa kwephrojekthi (PM), njll. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu.
Okwesishiyagalolunye, ukukhiqizwa okucolisisiwe kwesikhunta kuwumkhuba ongenakugwenywa
Okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa okucolisisiwe kwesikhunta kungokwenqubo yokuthuthukiswa kanye nemiphumela yokukhiqiza yesikhunta, ikakhulukazi ukuhlelwa kwenqubo yokugxiviza kanye nomklamo wesakhiwo sesikhunta, ukunemba okuphezulu kokucubungula isikhunta, ukwethembeka okuphezulu umkhiqizo wesikhunta kanye nokuphathwa okuqinile kobuchwepheshe.Ucansi.Ukwenziwa ngobunono kwezikhunta akubona ubuchwepheshe obubodwa, kodwa kuwukubonakaliswa okuphelele kokuklama, ukucubungula kanye namasu okuphatha.Ngaphezu kobuhle bezobuchwepheshe, ukufezeka kokukhiqizwa kwesikhunta esihle nakho kuqinisekiswa ukuphathwa okuqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-23-2023